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A first-generation cephalosporin is characterized by its spectrum of activity, which primarily includes Gram-positive bacteria, and its usage in various infections, particularly those caused by staphylococci and streptococci. Cefazolin is classified as a first-generation cephalosporin because it is effective against these types of bacteria and is commonly used for surgical prophylaxis and treating skin and soft tissue infections.

In contrast, the other choices represent later generations of cephalosporins that have evolved to provide broader coverage against Gram-negative bacteria and, in some cases, enhanced activity against resistant strains. For instance, Cefuroxime, a second-generation cephalosporin, has expanded activity against certain Gram-negative organisms. Ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin, offers increased efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria, including some that are resistant to earlier generations. Ceftazidime, also a third-generation cephalosporin, is particularly known for its effectiveness against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Overall, the classification of cefazolin as a first-generation cephalosporin highlights its specific use in treating infections caused by primarily Gram-positive bacteria and distinguishes it from the broader-spectrum drugs represented by